Indra Jatra, Yenya the Joyous Festival eKathmandu

I-Indra Jatra Festival

I-Indra Jatra ngumkhosi obalulekile eNepal, izwe elinabantu bezinhlanga eziningi namasiko amaningi. Zonke izakhamuzi zaseNepal zigubha imikhosi ehlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Le mikhosi iyahlukahluka ngokwesifunda noma ngokobuzwe, inkolo, namasiko. INepal inemikhosi eminingi ephawulwe ngendlela ehlukile futhi inencazelo ethile ngemuva kwemikhosi yayo.

Kusukela kumaJatra enhloko-dolobha yezwe kuya kumaChhat eTerai noma emikhosini kazwelonke efana neDashain, imikhosi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseNepal. AmaJatra athandwa kakhulu eKathmandu Valley , inhloko-dolobha yaseNepal, futhi agujwa umphakathi waseNewar ngenjabulo enkulu, intshiseko, kanye nokukholelwa.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abavela kwamanye amadolobha, njengeBhaktapur, iBanepa, nePatan, bagubha izinhlobo ezahlukene zeJatra ngenjabulo enkulu. Igama elithi “ Indra Jatra ” liwumkhosi omkhulu waminyaka yonke ogujwa eNepal, ikakhulukazi enhloko-dolobha yaseKathmandu. I-Indra ibhekisela kunkulunkulu weZulu, kanti iJatra ibhekisela kuMkhosi. Ngakho-ke, elithi “ Indra Jatra ” liwumkhosi ojabulisayo kanye nomkhosi oqhutshwa ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaHindu u-Indra.

Ukubuka konke kwe-Indra Jatra

Indra Jatra kuwumkhosi wokubonga eNkosini Indra. Indra isho inkosi yaseZulwini kanye nonkulunkulu wemvula, kanti elithi jatra lisho Udwendwe njengoba i-jatra ihlonipha iNkosi u-Indra, inkosi yemvula. Abazinikele ikakhulukazi babonga unkulunkulu ngokushawa. Abanye abaningi abazinikele bakhulekela 'uBhairab,' 'inkosi uGanesh,' noKumari (unkulunkulukazi ophilayo). 'U-Bhairab' ungumbhubhisi wenkosi embi uGanesh. Ezikhathini zasendulo. Isigodi saseKantipur saziwa ngokuthi i-Yenya Day, kanti abakwaNewars bagubha i-Jatra ngokuthi 'Yenya.' Igama elithi 'Indra Jatra' lanikezwa kamuva.

Sisakwazi ukubona abanye abantu abasha begubha i-Jatra. 'Yenya' noma 'Yenya Punhi' esikhundleni sika-Indra Jatra. Abantu bendawo bagubha umkhosi ngokukhanyisa iDiyo ebizwa ngokuthi iDalucha. Baphinde bakhonza iDiyo efanayo ngokunikela ngeSamya Baji. Phakathi nekhulu le-10, inkosi uGunakamadeva. Isiko le-Indra liyaqala ukuhlonipha ukusungulwa kwedolobha laseKathmandu. Kusukela ngo-1756AD, i-Kumari Jatra igcinwe ngosuku olufanayo. I-Kumari Jatra ibuye ithathwe njengoMdwendwe kankulunkulukazi ophilayo waseNepal.

Izindawo zokuhlala ezengeziwe e-Jatra:

Majipa Lakhey, Pulukishi, Sawa Bhaku. Ganesh (Inqola, Bhairava (Inqola), Kumari (Inqola).

Abantu abaningi benza imidanso eyahlukene ezinkundleni ezivulekile zedolobha okuthiwa iDabu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Bhairab emnandi kanye nezinye izithixo zasedolobheni ziyakhonjiswa. Ngesikhathi seJatra, kwamiswa isigxobo sokhuni sikaphayini. Ingabonwa naseBasantapur Durbar Square phambi kweSigodlo esidala saseHanuman Dhoka.

Ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi umcimbi wokukhulisa izigxobo. Amakhulu ezibukeli ahlangane ePalace Square nasemathempelini aseduze ukuzogubha lo mcimbi. Ngemva kwalokho, inqola kaKumari (uNkulunkulukazi ophilayo) yakhishwa ngodwendwe futhi yahamba emigwaqweni emikhulu yaseKathmandu.

Siyigubha Nini i-Indra Jatra?

I-Indra Jatra ingumkhosi waminyaka yonke ogujwa izinsuku ezinde eziyisishiyagalombili ngoSepthemba. Iqala minyaka yonke kusukela osukwini lwe-Bhadra Dwadashi kuya ku-Krishna Chaturdashi. Umkhosi wenziwa ngosuku lweshumi nambili lukaSepthemba lwenyanga ekhulayo. Ugujwa ngoSepthemba 24, 2018, futhi ungoLwesine, Septhemba 12, 2019.

I-Indra Jatra Celebration

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Yasin noma i-Linga e-Kathmandu Durbar Square (Basantapur) kuqala umkhosi.
Isigxobo kukholakala ukuthi simele isigxobo sefulegi esifanayo esinikezwe iNkosi Indra nguNkulunkulu. Vishnu, e-Indra Chowk, i-Akash Bhairav ​​mash ikhishwa ethempelini lika-Bhairav. Ibekwe phambi kwethempeli. I-Akash Bhairav ​​iyakhulekelwa futhi imbozwe ngezimbali ezinhle, amaswidi, neminye iminikelo. Igama lalo mcimbi ngu-'Yosin Thanegu.'

I-Linga iwukhuni lukaphayini owenza izigxobo olulethwe ngokukhethekile ehlathini eduze kwaseNala (idolobhana elincane elingamakhilomitha angama-29 empumalanga yeKathmandu). Ngesikhathi kuvuka iLingo (Pole), abantu, ikakhulukazi abakwaNewar, babebuthana begqoke izifihla-buso, behlanganyela otshwaleni bendawo, benza nemidanso emelela onkulunkulu namademoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe zabanye onkulunkulu, njenge-Lord Indra, Bhairab, nabanye abaningi, nazo ziyavezwa.

Abakhulekeli baphinde bavakashele izindawo ezingcwele ezahlukene, bebambe ukukhanya bekhumbula amalungu omndeni adlula emhlabeni. Lo mcimbi ubizwa nge-'Pakuranga.'

Isizathu ngemuva komgubho we-Indra Jatra

Kukhona inganekwane ethokozisayo ngemuva kokuvela kuka-Indra Jatra . Unina ka-Indra wayedinga iParijat, uhlobo lwembali emhlophe, ukuze enze umkhuba wenkolo. Ngakho-ke, ezifihle njengomuntu, iNkosi u-Indra yehlela emhlabeni ifuna imifino kanina. Wasolwa ngokweba izimbali ngumnikazi wedlelo ngenkathi ezama ukukha imbali. Wabe eseboshwa umnini wensimu, emsola ngokweba izimbali. INkosi u-Indra iboshwe eKathmandu futhi ayikwazi ukubuyela lapho.

Ngemva kokuduka iNdodana u-Indra isikhathi eside, unina uDakini wayekhathazekile futhi weza emhlabeni ezomfuna. Ngenhlanhla, wagcina emtholile wabe esecela umnikazi wedlelo ukuthi amdedele. Kungemva kokuba izakhamuzi sezibonile ukuthi zingobani lapho zavuma khona ukukhulula u-Lord Indra, kodwa zababekela umbandela.

Ngokusekelwe esimweni sabo, iNkosi u-Indra kufanele ize emhlabeni minyaka yonke ngaleso sikhathi, futhi izovezwa obala njengesiboshwa izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Abalimi bendawo nabo benza i-Dakini ithembise ukunikeza amazolo anele ebusika ukuze kukhiqizwe kangcono. Abantu bakule ndawo baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi uDakini uzothatha amalunga omndeni wabo abashonile abayise eZulwini.

Yingakho umkhosi we-Indra Jatra ugujwa ukuze udlulise ukubonga ku-Lord Indra no-Dakini ngesivuno esihle onyakeni ozayo kanye nemvula efika ngesikhathi. Ngokufanayo, umkhosi ubuye ugujwe egameni lamalungu omndeni ashonile.

Incazelo ye-Kumari Procession

Umkhosi we -Indra Jatra ugujwa ngokuthatha inqola kankulunkulukazi uKumari ngodwendwe lokubonga u-Indra. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imigwaqo yaseKathmandu igcwele abantu abazinikele abadansa, bahlabelela izingoma, futhi badlala izinsimbi zomculo ezahlukahlukene njengezigubhu nemitshingo.

Singabona futhi isixuku sabadayisi basemgwaqweni abadayisa imikhiqizo eyahlukene. Ukuze babonise isimo sejele le-Lord Indra, abantu bendawo eMaru bakha isiteji esenziwe ngokhuni futhi babuka isithombe sika-Indra izandla eziluliwe zimbozwe ngentambo yomucu. Leli siko lesikhathi eside lenziwa kusukela ngeNkathi ye-Lichhavi. I-Kumari Jatra yaqala kamuva ngekhulu le-18. Kukhishwe inqola kaGoddess Kumari. I-Procession izungeza i-Kathmandu, ilandela imizila ehlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinqola ezimbili ezincane ezithwele abamele uGanesh noBhairav ​​zithatha izingxenye ezihlukene zeKathmandu endala. Izibonisi ezidumile zika-Akash Bhairav ​​zihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinhle e-Indra Chowk. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, leli khanda lika-Akash Bhairav ​​lihlobene nendaba yaseMahabharat. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye abanye bakholelwa ukuthi iyinhloko yeKirat King Yalamber yokuqala.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu zihlangana e-Indra Chowk futhi zihlabelela ama-bhajan namaculo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidanso zingabonakala ngesikhathi se-Indra Jatra. Benza uSawa Bhakku Bhairav ​​waseHalchowk kanye noMajipa Lakhey waseMajipat. Abantu bendawo eBhaktur bathola iDevi Nach kanye neYeravat Jhathi (Pulukisi) waseNaradevi, Mahakali, kanye noKathi Maka Nach. Lezi zinhlobo zemidanso zenzeka endaweni yaseHanuman Dhoka. Njalo ebusuku, iDasavatar noma ukuzalwa okuyishumi kweNkosi uVishnu.

Nansi incazelo emfushane yosuku olukhulu lwalo mkhosi:

Usuku Lokuqala (Kwaneya):

Umphakathi waseNewars ugubha usuku lokuqala lwalo mkhosi ngokunikela ngamalambu kawoyela amancane ukukhumbula amalungu omndeni ashona ngonyaka odlule. Iqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMahendra Malla.

Usuku Lwesibili (Yenya Punhi):
Ngosuku lwesibili lomkhosi, iLinga (Yasingha) idilizwa, okubonisa ukuphela kwe-Indra Jatra. Ibe isihamba iye endaweni okuhlangana kuyo i-Bagmati ne-Bishnumati e-Teku ukuze ibekwe endaweni yokuphumula.

Usuku Lokugcina:

Umkhosi ka-Indra Jatra uphetha ngokwehliswa kwesigxobo (lingam) esinefulegi lika-Indra phakathi nemikhosi yezenkolo.
Ukuphela kwe-Indra Jatra kubonisa ukuqala komkhosi omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi Dashain kanye noTihar. Umkhosi omkhulu ugujwa ngesasasa elikhulu ezweni lonke. Okugqamile okukhulu kwefestivali ye-Indra Jatra kufaka phakathi umdanso wasemgwaqweni, odume ngelika-Lakhey, kanye ne-pulu, odlalwa abahlanganyeli abagqoke imaski yonkulunkulu.

Imidanso ehlukahlukene engokwesiko ehlanganisa amademoni, onkulunkulu, nonkulunkulukazi abazifihle ubuso yenziwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zeSigodi. Imidanso edume kakhulu ye-Lakhey nayo iyingxenye yodwendwe lwenqola futhi yenziwa eduze nomgwaqo omdala waseKathmandu.

Lakhey Dance

Kulo mkhosi, abahlanganyeli abehlukene bebegqoke izifihla-buso futhi bedansa. ULakhani (abadansi bezifihla-buso) babeyiswa emigwaqweni cishe njalo kusihlwa, bephelezelwa izigubhu ezinomsindo. Umkhosi ukhumbula lapho iNkosi u-Indra yehlela emhlabeni ifuna isitshalo.

Mahakali Pykhan

I-Mahakali Pykhan yenziwa ngokuyinhloko e-Bhaktapur Durbar Square nasemigwaqweni. Okugqamile okukhulu kwe-Mahakali Pykhan Dance ukuthi imele i-Kyyah, isidalwa esikhulu, esinoboya, esifana nenkawu. Ukusebenza komdanso kugcwele ubumnandi namahlaya, nokuwa okuningi.

Sawa Bakhu Dance

I-Sawa Bakhhu Dance ingenye umdanso odumile owenziwa iqembu lomdanso e-Halchowk. Umdanso uqala ku-Hanuman Dhoka. Iphinde iqhubeke nomzila wefestivali futhi ime ezindaweni ezihlanganayo ezithile. Ekugcineni uthola umnikelo ovela kwabazinikele. Umdanso ubonisa i-Bhairab (Eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nenkemba kanye nabanye abasizi ababili (Ebomvu).

Isiphetho:

Izindawo ezingcwele kanye nezakhiwo zesigodlo sasendulo zizungeza iKathmandu Durbar Square. Khanyisa ngezinti zikawoyela ngobusuku ngabunye e-Indra Jatra. Idolobha lonke libukeka lijabulisa kakhulu futhi linemibalabala. Singabona isithombe esikhulu sekhanda lika-Akash Bhairab sikhonjiswe endaweni evulekile, ebheke ngqo ethempelini lakhe e-Indra Chowk.

Singabuka umthetho oveza ukudalwa komhlaba okuyishumi kweNkosi uVishnu ubusuku ngabunye endaweni yesikhulumi sethempeli likankulunkulukazi ophilayo. Imindeni eminingi yaseNepali izophinde ibonise izithixo ze-Indra noma i-Bahirab ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Imiphakathi yaseNepal yamaHindu neyaseNewari igubha lo mkhosi ojabulisayo.

Ngakho-ke, i-Indra Jatra inendawo ekhethekile ekhalendeni laseNepal. Ingomunye wemikhosi emikhulu yasemgwaqweni eNepal , egujwa ngemaski eyimfihlakalo, idansa, futhi idonsa inqola kankulunkulukazi ophilayo uKumari. Ngakho-ke, umkhosi we-Indra Jatra ugujwa ukuhlonipha 'iNkosi yeZulu' u-Indra.